First, in goes to a grace period, in it, you can renew the domain, the grace period can be "up to" 45 days, the registrar chooses how many days.
After that, the domain goes to "redemption period", in that period (30 days), the registrant can still recover his domain, but paying a bigger amount (depending on registrar, usually between 100 and 200$).
When the redemption period ends, the domain status is "pending delete", a 5 days period, waiting for the domain to be deleted, after that, the domain is deleted, and made available for registration by a new registrant.